What's Womb Chair?

Eero Saarinen created the Womb Chair, originally known as the Wombat Chair in 1948. The Womb Chair's organic form is representative of the mid-century Scandinavian modernism style of furniture using synthetic materials to create inspired forms. He had three design principles ¨C Function, Structure and being part of the time. Eero Saarinen designed with the human body form in mind. A simple concept yes, but many Product Storys prefer aesthetics to functionality. In nearly every case, a piece of furniture that rises to become a classic has both striking artistic form as well as function. 

Why Barcelona Chair?

The Barcelona chair is a chair designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Lilly Reich. It was originally designed for the German Pavilion, that country's entry for the International Exposition of 1929, which was hosted by Barcelona, Spain. It was first used in Villa Tugendhat, a masterpiece of Mies van der Rohe in the City of Brno (Czech Republic).

 

The frame was initially designed to be bolted together, but was redesigned in 1950 using stainless steel, which allowed the frame to be formed by a seamless piece of metal, giving it a smoother appearance. Bovine leather replaced the ivory-colored pigskin which was used for the original pieces.

 

The functional design and elements of it that were patented by Mies in Germany, Spain and the United States in the 1930s have since expired. The Barcelona chair was manufactured in the US and Europe in limited production from the 1930s to the 1950s. In 1953, six years after Reich's death, Mies ceded his rights and his name on the design to Knoll, knowing that his design patents were expired. This collaboration then renewed popularity in the design.

 

Knoll claims to be the current licensed manufacturer and holder of all trademark rights to the design. In 1965, Knoll purchased the trademark rights to the Barcelona word from Drexel. In 2004, Knoll received trade dress rights to the design from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Despite these trademarks, a large replica market continues. Gordon International New York has continued to manufacture the designs since the 1970s, even after a court battle against Knoll in 2005.[citation needed] In 2011, another court battle erupted between Knoll and RegencyShop.com; the outcome is pending. In 2013, RegencyShop.com filed a counter-suit against Knoll in Central District of California, Western Division alleging fraud on the USPTO regarding Barcelona furniture designs.

 

Although many architects and furniture designers of the Bauhaus era were intent on providing well-designed homes and impeccably manufactured furnishings for the "common man," the Barcelona chair was an exception. It was designed for the Spanish Royalty to oversee the opening ceremonies of the exhibition and described by Time magazine as inhabiting "his sumptuous German pavilion." The form is thought to be extrapolated from Roman folding chairs known as the Curule chair – upholstered stools used by Roman aristocracy. And despite the industrial appearance the Barcelona chair requires much hand craftsmanship.

 

Since 1953 Knoll Inc has manufactured the chair. They make the frame in two different steel configurations, chrome and stainless. The chair is almost completely hand-laboured, and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe's signature is stamped into each chair. Reproductions proliferate worldwide and are sold under different marketing names. In his 1981 book about modern architecture, From Bauhaus to Our House, Tom Wolfe mocked the Barcelona chair as "the Platonic ideal of chair", and wrote that, despite its high price, owning one had become a necessity for young architects: "When you saw the holy object on the sisal rug, you knew you were in a household where a fledgeling architect and his young wife had sacrificed everything to bring the symbol of the godly mission into their home."

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what a cozy Eames chair !wow

Combining imagination and thought, art and science, Charles and Ray Eames created some of the most influential expressions of 20th century design – furniture that remains stylish, fresh and functional today. Created in 1956, Eames Lounge Chair is now a classic in the history of modern furniture.

The first Eames lounge chair and ottoman was made as a gift for Billy Wilder, the director of "Some Like It Hot," "Irma La Douce," and "Sunset Blvd." The heritage of the chair goes back to the molded plywood chairs pioneered by the Eameses in the 1940s. Charles Eames said his goal for the chair was that it be "a special refuge from the strains of modern living."

The first lounge chair and ottoman produced by Herman Miller, in 1956, made its public debut on Arlene Francis's Home show, a predecessor of the Today show. Commenting on the unique design, Charles Eames told Francis, "We've never designed for a fashion, and the Herman Miller furniture company has never, ever requested that we do pieces for a market." During the interview, a short film was shown in which a man--Charles described him as "a typical Herman Miller employee"--assembled and disassembled the lounge chair, showing how simple the design was.

Dresser Turned TV stand Makeover

Here is the Full DIY Tutorial 

refer: http://www.diycraftproject.com/2015/11/dresser-turned-tv-stand-makeover.html

Eero Saarinen

Eero Saarinen,  (born Aug. 20, 1910, Kirkkonummi, Fin.—died Sept. 1, 1961, Ann Arbor, Mich., U.S.), Finnish-born American architect who was one of the leaders in a trend toward exploration and experiment in American architectural designduring the 1950s.

Life

Eero was the son of the noted architect Eliel Saarinen and Loja Gesellius, a sculptor. The Saarinen family of four, including a sister, Eva-Lisa, moved to the United States in 1923. Eero attended public schools in Michigan. In 1929 he studied sculpture at the Académie de la Grande Chaumière in Paris but, as he recounted years later, “it never occurred to me to do anything but follow in my father’s footsteps.” Between 1931 and 1934 he studied architecture at Yale University, where the curriculum was untouched by modern theories. His father’s architecture in Finland had focussed on a free adaptation of medieval Scandinavian forms, and in the United States he designed various private school buildings from 1925 to 1941, including Cranbrook Academy of Art in Bloomfield Hills, Mich., following this loose, romantic style. At Yale, young Saarinen won a travelling fellowship that made possible a leisurely European visit in 1934–35. He stayed an additional year in Helsinki working with the architect Jarl Eklund.

Eero Saarinen’s professional work in the United States began in 1936 with research on housing and city planning with the Flint Institute of Research and Planning in Flint, Mich. He joined his father’s practice in Bloomfield Hills in 1938, and one year later their collaborative design—tranquil yet monumental—for the mall in Washington, D.C., won first prize in the Smithsonian Institution Gallery of Art competition. Unfortunately the design was never executed.

In 1939 Saarinen married Lillian Swann, a sculptor, and they had two children, Eric and Susan. This marriage ended in divorce in 1953, and Saarinen was remarried the following year to Aline Bernstein Loucheim, an art critic. A son, Eames, was born later that year.

In 1940 Eero and his father designed Crow Island School in Winnetka, Ill., which influenced postwar school design, being a one-story structure, generously extended in plan, and suitably scaled for primary-grade children. Also in 1940 he became a naturalized citizen of the United States. In 1945 Eero joined a partnership with Eliel Saarinen and J. Robert F. Swanson that had been organized in 1939. This partnership was dissolved in 1947 and a new partnership of Saarinen, Saarinen and Associates was then formed that lasted until the elder Saarinen’s death.

In the 11 years that he survived his father, Saarinen’s own work included a series of dramatically different designs that displayed a richer and more diverse vocabulary. In questioning the presuppositions of early modern architecture, he introduced sculptural forms that were rich in architectural character and visual drama unknown in earlier years. The exciting results were welcomed by many who were bored by the uniformity and austerity of the International Style of modern architecture.

Saarinen’s first independent work, one that brought immediate renown, was the vast General Motors Technical Center in Warren, Mich. Here Saarinen arranged five major building complexes, each for a different research study, around a 22-acre (9-hectare) reflecting pool. Strips of planted forest rimmed the 320-acre (130-hectare) site. The precision and modular rhythm of the low buildings recalls the design of the German-American architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, as well as the early automobile factories of the U.S. architect Albert Kahn. Saarinen’s technical solution of the curtain wall (metal panels and glass set in aluminum frames) was widely copied. The scale and visual splendour of the centre suggests a 20th-century Versailles.

In 1953 Saarinen began to design the Kresge Auditorium and chapel of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, choosing the basic forms of an eighth of a sphere for the auditorium and a cylinder for the chapel. The partial sphere is a “handkerchief ” dome resting on three points. The auditorium is arranged entirely within this dramatically simple form. The small chapel is a stark, red-brick cylinder, lighted only from above. Both were completed in 1955. While some critics felt that the solutions were forced and arbitrary, these buildings indicated the search Saarinen had begun for significant and identifying character in public buildings.

Although Saarinen continued to use rectilinear forms on occasion, such as the United States Embassy in London (1955–60) and the Law School at the University of Chicago (1956–60), it was his freely sculptural designs that achieved greater attention. In 1956 two such works were initiated that can be considered representative: Ingalls Hockey Rink atYale University in New Haven, Conn. (1958), and the Trans World Airlines (TWA) terminal at John F. Kennedy International Airport, New York City (1956–62). For the Yale rink, Saarinen, avoiding the typical field house, achieved a unique and sympathetic sports building. From a lengthwise curved spine in reinforced concrete, he suspended cables to anchors on the oval periphery. This tentlike form suggests an almost Oriental shrine for the game of hockey, a blending of the structural, emotional, and aesthetic that Saarinen himself was proud of. For the design of the TWA terminal, Saarinen continued exploration of interior–exterior sculptural effects. Based on a symmetrical plan, two major cantilevered concrete shells extend dramatically outward, suggesting wings, and on the inside sculptural supports and curving stairways evoke a feeling of movement. In this distinctive and memorable building, Saarinen presented a symbol of flight. While to some it proclaimed virtuosity over logic, Saarinen believed “we must have an emotional reason as well as a logical end for everything we do.” Later, Saarinen designed the Dulles International Airport at Chantilly, Va., outside Washington, D.C. (1958–62), with a hanging roof suspended from diagonal supports.

Saarinen’s effort was primarily concerned with institutional buildings for education and industry. He built only one skyscraper, the CBS Headquarters in New York City (1960–64), and one house, in the Midwest. His 1948 prizewinning Jefferson National Expansion Memorial design for St. Louis, Mo., was completed in 1965. It is a graceful and spectacular arch of stainless steel, with a span and height of 630 feet (190 metres). It conveys a sense of ceremony and special place yet also one of delight and ease, qualities that are present in all Saarinen’s works, whatever their function.

Furniture design

Like many contemporary architects, Saarinen was challenged byfurniture design, especially the chair, which presents aesthetical and structural problems that are particularly difficult to solve. In 1941 he and the designer-architect Charles Eames won a national furniture award for a chair design in molded plywood. In 1948 Saarinen created a womblike chair using a glass fibre shell upholstered in foam rubber and fabric.

His last furniture designs comprised a series of pedestal-based chairs and tables (1957) that combined a sculptural aluminum base with plastic shells for the chairs and discs of marble or plastic for the table tops. The curvilinear forms of his furniture designs paralleled his growing interest in sculptural architectural forms.

Assessment

As a person, Saarinen was outwardly a stocky, calm man of informal manner and puckish humour, but underneath he was intensely serious about architecture and seemed compulsively competitive with his own most recent designs. His wish that a building make an expressive statement established new horizons for modern architecture. He was exploratory in his thinking and committed to research on every level. His buildings were created with meticulous care, from the original analysis of a client’s problem to the final execution, and were sympathetically received by both the general public and his fellow architects.

Saarinen died in 1961, leaving numerous projects to be completed by his associates. Always immersed in architecture, he had no other real interest. He never wrote a book and commented only occasionally on his buildings and architectural philosophy. He largely initiated a trend, however, toward exploration and experiment in design—a trend that departed from the doctrinaire rectangular prisms that were characteristic of the earlier phase of modern architecture.

H.F. Koeper

Modern Icons: Eero Saarinen's Executive Chair

refer:http://www.houzz.com/ideabooks/384599/list/modern-icons-eero-saarinens-executive-chair

As far back as 1937, Eero Saarinen and his pal Charles Eames were working with fiberglass to create chairs that worked with the body to provide comfort. All of this ergonomic research eventually resulted in Saarinen's Executive Collection for Knoll in 1957. Choices include chairs with tubular or wood legs, with arms and without, and even a few office chairs. Of them all, the wood-leg armchair version seems most popular among Houzz designers. Let's take a look at how these curvy chairs have added big Mid-Century Modern style to today's designs.

Eleven Interiors

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Here the wood-legged Executive armchairs are paired with the Saarinen tulip table. The choice of a black table plays well off the oversized artwork.

Dunlap Design Group, LLC

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Because of its successful combination of form and function, the chair won the Museum of Modern Art Award and the West Germany Federal Award for Industrial Design in 1969. 

Dufner Heighes Inc

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Sometimes when it comes to sunporches, I cannot imagine beyond wicker furniture, but the upholsterd chairs just work here. The light table surface matches the chair legs and light flooring. The massive vase with the large branch helps create even stronger relationship with the great outdoors. 

The table was designed by Eero's pal Florence Knoll. Interestingly enough, it was also designed for executives, as she intended to modernize office furniture. 

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The chairs can also fit right into an all-white kitchen. Note how the armless version of the chairs take up less space and can tuck right under the table. This helps save space and keep the view out those large glass doors as open as possible. 

Another icon in this room we've covered is the Logico Lamp; this is the ceiling mounted version.

Texas Construction Company

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Here this toasty upholstery works well with the wood floor and the darker wood legs; as the eye goes up toward the ceiling, everything gets lighter and whiter, all the way up to the oversized Random Light.

Gary Hutton Design

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I about fell off my chair last week when Houzz Contributor Vanessa Brunner featured this incredibly curated Eichler home. It includes other modern icons like the PH5 Light and the George Nelson Marshmallow Sofa.

Gary Hutton Design

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It's just so good; let's check out these chairs out from one more angle! Oh, and from here it's easier to see that these chairs have the tubular metal legs, which coordinate well with the table base and other finishes in this home. 

By the way, when looking for the real deal, make sure these chairs are Knoll. Of course, you can find gently used and vintage versions on sites like eBay and 1stdibs. 

Next: 3 Executive chairs and sources

SmartFurniture

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Saarinen Executive Armchair, Swivel Base - $1,834

The armchair also makes a great deskchair, but sometimes we want wheels! This version has casters so you can zoom around the room in your iconic chair.

Design Within Reach

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Saarinen Executive Side Chair w/Metal Legs Fabric - Design Within Reach - $840

There's no rule that says you have to surround the table with the armchair version. This is the side chair with tubular metal legs version; perhaps you'll put these down the long sides of a dining room table and use the arm chairs for the host and hostess. Personally, I'd keep the legs consistent though, whether I chose tubular or wood, and perhaps switch up the upholstery so that the armchairs and side chairs are different.

Design Within Reach

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Saarinen Executive Side Chair with Plastic Back - $606

This version has a plastic back and an upholstered seat. I love the contrast but I think the upholstered versions are probably more comfortable. 

More ideabooks: See more modern icons in home design 
More photos: Get ideas from hundreds of modern dining rooms 
More products: Browse more modern chairs